Peggy-O

Lyrics: Traditional
Music: Traditional

A traditional ballad played regularly by Jerry Garcia with the Grateful Dead from the early '70s.

As we rode out to Fennario
As we rode out to Fennario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And he called her by name pretty Peggy-O

Will you marry me, pretty Peggy-O
Will you marry me, pretty Peggy-O
If you will marry me, I will set your cities free
And free all the ladies in the area-O (note 1)

I would marry you, sweet William-O
I would marry you, sweet William-O
I would marry you, but your guineas are too few (note 2)
And I fear my mama would be angry-O

What would your mama think, pretty Peggy-O
What would your mama think, pretty Peggy-O
What would your mama think if she heard my guineas clink (note 2)
And saw me marching at the head of my soldiers-O

If ever I return, pretty Peggy-O
If ever I return, pretty Peggy-O
If ever I return, all your cities I will burn
Destroy all the ladies in the area-O (note 1)

Come stepping down the stairs, pretty Peggy-O (note 3)
Come stepping down the stairs, pretty Peggy-O
Come stepping down the stairs, combing back your yellow hair
And bid a last farewell to young William-O

Sweet William he is dead, pretty Peggy-O (note 4)
Sweet William he is dead, pretty Peggy-O
Sweet William he is dead, and he died for a maid
And he's buried in the Louisiana country-O

As we rode out to Fennario
As we rode out to Fennario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And he called her by name pretty Peggy-O

As we marched down to Fennario
As we marched down to Fennario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And we called her by her name pretty Peggy-o

What will your mother think pretty Peggy-o
What will your mother think pretty Peggy-o
What will your mother think when she hears the guineas clink
The soldiers the soldiers marching behind you-o

You shall ride in a coach, pretty Peggy-o
You shall ride in a coach, pretty Peggy-o
You shall ride in a coach with your true love by your side
As fine as any lady in the are-o

And when I return, pretty Peggy-o
When I return, pretty Peggy-o
When I return, the city I will burn
And destroy all the ladies in the country-o

Come tripping down the stair, pretty Peggy-o
Come tripping down the stair, pretty Peggy-o
Come tripping down the stair combing back your yellow hair
Bid your last farewell to sweet William-o

Sweet William he is dead, pretty Peggy-o
Sweet William is dead, pretty Peggy-o
Sweet William is dead, and he died for a maid
He's buried in Louisiana country-o

As we marched down to Fennario
As we marched down to Fennario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And we called her by her name pretty Peggy-o

Listening to a 1960 album by Tossi Aaron, "Tossi Sings Folk Songs and Ballads," sent to me by Eric Levy. This version is VERY close to the version the GD did, but there are some interesting differences.

For one thing, Aaron sings "Fernario," not "fennario."

Also: she sings "Come trippin' down the stair," where Jerry sang "steppin'."

I emailed Bob Weir to ask him if either he or Jerry knew of Tossi Aaron. He asked me to send him the audio files of the two songs, which I did. He he replied:

"I never heard these recordings, but they were typical of the current versions of these songs at the time of their release. I heard folkies doing these songs this way back in the early 60's, though 1960 was a bit before my time. Sounds like Tossi Aaron could have been an early inspiration for Joan Baez.

"Jerry could have picked up his versions of these tunes from these or any of a number of other similar versions."

As we marched down to Fernario
As we marched down to Fernario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And he called her by her name pretty Peggy-O

If you will fancy me, pretty Peggy-O
If you will fancy me, pretty Peggy-O
If you will fancy me, such a lady you will be
Just was grand as any other in the country-o

You're the man I adore, pretty William-O
You're the man I adore, pretty William-O
I would marry you, but your fortune is too low
And I'm afraid that my mother would be angry-O

What would your mama think, pretty Peggy-O
What would your mama think, pretty Peggy-O
What would your mama think for to hear the guineas clink
And the soldiers marching before me-o

Come tripping down the stair, pretty Peggy-O
Come tripping down the stair, pretty Peggy-O
Come tripping down the stair, combing back your yellow hair
And take the last farewell of sweet William-O

If ever I return, pretty Peggy-O
If ever I return, pretty Peggy-O
If ever I return, all the city I will burn
And destroy all the ladies in the area-o

Our captain he is dead, pretty Peggy-O
Our captain he is dead, pretty Peggy-O
Our captain he is dead, and he died for a maid
And he's buried in Louisiana country-O

As we marched down to Fernario
As we marched down to Fernario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And they called her by her name pretty Peggy-O

"As I researched the song, I discovered it was listed in a venerable volume of collected folklore, English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians, collected by Cecil J. Sharp. The song seems to be Scottish in origin. The version performed by the Grateful Dead resembles that transcribed in Cecil Sharp's book, but there are several variants. As is typical of folksongs, the place name given in the Dead version as "Fennario" is "Fernario" in Sharp's version. As the song is passed down from person to person words become changed or transposed, just as the message in the children's game of telephone gets more and more garbled as it is passed along. Sometimes nonsense syllables are substituted for what once were "real" words.

"An even older, Scottish version of the ballad called "The Bonnie Lass O'Fyvie" appears in Folk-Songs of the North-East and another version is given under the title Bonnie Barbara, O, in Vagabond Songs and Ballads of Scotland. From even the titles of the songs it is apparent that the names "Fennario" and "Fernario" both probably originally derived from "O'Fyvie" and the name "Peggy-O" perhaps from "Barbara, O." All of the versions considered together suggest the story of a love affair between a travelling enemy soldier and a local girl which is thwarted by the girl's ambitious mother who wants a son-in-law with more money and a higher social status. Thus his declarations go from a promise of love for "Barbara, O" to threats against the locals' lives when he returns from his next march. But he dies, heartbroken because of love for, respectively, "Peggy-O" and "Barbara O." "Bonnie Barbara, O" is given the setting of Derby and is in dialect, but the story of the song is a bit clearer. When the soldier asks Barbara what her mother would think of her daughter's marriage to an apparently well-to-do soldier, she replies:

Little would my mammie think, bonnie Sandy, O,
Little would my mammie think, bonnie Sandy O;
Little would my mammie think though she heard the guineas clink.
If her daughter was following a sodger, O."

"A Scottish version which found its way to the Southern United States is given in The Ballad of America. This version lacks the detail of the proud, angry mother. The setting of this version, "The Bonnie Lass o'Fyvie," in other Southern American versions changes from "Fyvie" to local settings or is replaced by nonsense words like "Ivory" or "Ireo."

There was a troop of Irish dragoons
Came marching down through Fyvie O;
The Captain's fallen in love with a bonnie, bonnie lass,
Her name it is called pretty Peggy O.

"O come down the stairs, pretty Peggy O," he said,
"O come down the stairs pretty Peggy, O,
O come down the stairs, comb aside your yellow hair,
Take the last farewell of your daddy, O.

There once was a troop of Irish dragoons 
Come marching down thru Fyvie-O
And the captain fell in love wi' a very bonnie lass
And he called her by name, pretty Peggy-O

There's many a bonnie lass in the glen of Auchterlass
There's many a bonnie lass in Gairioch-O
There's many a bonnie Jean in the streets of Aberdeen
But the flower of them all lives in Fyvie-O

Come trippin' down the stair, Pretty Peggy, my dear
Come down the stairs, Pretty Peggy-O
Come trippin' down the stairs, combin' back your yellow hair
Bid a long farewell to your mammy-O

It's braw, aye it's braw, a captain's lady for to be
And it's braw to be a captain's lady-O
It's braw to ride around and to follow the camp
And to ride when your captain he is ready-O

Oh I'll give you ribbons, love, and I'll give you rings
I'll give you a necklace of amber-O
I'll give you a silken petticoat with flounces to the knee
If you'll convey me doon to your chamber-O

What would your mother think if she heard the guineas clink
And saw the haut-boys marching all before you-O
O little would she think gin she heard the guineas clink
If I followed a soldier laddie-O

I never did intend a soldier's lady for to be
A soldier shall never enjoy me-O
I never did intend to gae tae a foreign land
And I will never marry a soldier-O

I'll drink nae more o your claret wine
I'll drink nae more o your glasses-O
Tomorrow is the day when we maun ride away
So farewell tae your Fyvie lasses-O

The colonel he cried, mount, boys, mount, boys, mount
The captain, he cried, tarry-O
O tarry yet a while, just another day or twa
Til I see if the bonnie lass will marry-O

Twas in the early morning, when we marched awa
And oh but the captain he was sorry-O
The drums they did beat on the merry braes o' Gight
And the band played the bonnie lass of Fyvie-O

Long ere we came to the glen of Auchterlass
We had our captain to carry-O
And long ere we won into the streets of Aberdeen
We had our captain to bury-O

Green grow the birks on bonnie Ethanside
And low lie the lowlands of Fyvie-O
The captain's name was Ned and he died for a maid
He died for the bonny lass of Fyvie-O